African Oral Narratives
Military Intelligence in Apartheid-era South Africa

Mining

Modikwa Platinum Mine, one of the South Africa's most profitable mines, lies in the heart of Maandagshoek. Established in 1999 as a joint capital investment venture between African Rainbow Minerals (ARM) and Anglo Platinum, Modikwa was supposed to bring development and empowerment to the surrounding community, a so-called 'historically disadvantaged' rural community, in the form of social, economic and cultural upliftment. Modikwa rolled out its Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) programme in the form of two Section 21 companies and a host of purported 'developmental' companies to forge 'joint-ownership' of the mine with the neighbouring community and to provide job-creation through the mine's subsidiary activities. Many of the interviewees from Maandagshoek have in some way or another been involved with the mine and are generally of the opinion that the mine has not delivered on expectations, and that the mine has done nothing to improve the surrounding community. The Maandagshoek Development Committee, the only body that can legitimately claim to represent the collective interests of the Maandagshoek community, calls the Section 21 companies "toothless powerless and unaccountable, they are controlled by the mine which has a complete monopoly over knowledge and skills. The companies are not at all independent and they only function through ARM's management and control." Spokes- person for the Maandagshoek Development Committee, Emmanuel Mokgoga, believes that "the mines are creating poverty for our people, …the government is quiet, they don't say anything." Residents are outspoken on the futile promises of upliftment and development by mine management. Many feel that "…in our community there is a mine that does not do anything for us…" There is an overwhelming experience of anger and disillusionment with Modika and its BBBEE initiatives and residents firmly believe that the mine's impact on the community has been very negative. Many have also been actively involved in community protests to highlight the problems associated with the Modikwa mine and other mine prospectors in their community.

An interview with Grade 11 high school students Kedimetse Mapori and Lerato Tebele by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 9, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
This interview with Grade 11 high school students Kedimetsi Mapori and Lerato Tebele was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

An interview with Simon Siloane, who is physically disabled and unemployed, by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 9, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
This interview with Simon Siloane, who is physically disabled and unemployed, was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

An interview with Lucas Serage and Pinky Komane, both high school matric students and community activists, by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 10, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
This interview with Lucas Serage and Pinky Komane, both high school matric students and community activists, was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

First interview with Emmanuel Mokgoga, community leader/activist and spokesperson of the Maandagshoek Development Committee, by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 10, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
The first interview with Emmanuel Mokgoga, community leader/activist and spokesperson of the Maandagshoek Development Committee, was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

An interview with Chief Sonias Vilakazi of the Matimatsatsi community by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 11, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
This interview with Chief Sonias Vilakazi of the Matimatsatsi community was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

An interview with Flora Mpusi and Flora Makwa, both elderly women in Chief Vilakazi’s household, by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 11, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
This interview with Flora Mpusi and Flora Makwa, both elderly women in Chief Vilakazi’s household, was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

An interview with Simon Vilakazi, son of Chief Vilakazi and secretary for the Matimatsatsi Tribal Authority, by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 11, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
This interview with Simon Vilakazi, son of Chief Vilakazi and secretary for the Matimatsatsi Tribal Authority, was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

Part one of the interview with Johannes Madikgakge, Bishop of the Apostolic Church of Christ, by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 12, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
The first part of the interview with Johannes Madikgakge, Bishop of the Apostolic Church of Christ, was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

Part two of the interview with Johannes Madigakge, Bishop of the Apostolic Church of Christ, by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 12, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
This is the second part of the interview with Johannes Madigakge, Bishop of the Apostolic Church of Christ, conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

An interview with Olesnas Mamohale, a former chairperson of the Maandagshoek Development Committee, by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 13, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
This interview with Olesnas Mamohale, a former chairperson of the Maandagshoek Development Committee, was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

First interview with Joyce Kgwete by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 13, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
This is the first interview with Joyce Kgwete conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

An interview with Frans Maloko Thebene, a contract worker at Modikwa mine, by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 15, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
This interview with Frans Maloko Thebene, a contract worker at Modikwa mine, was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

Part one of the interview with Isaac Kgwete, the chief of Maandagshoek, by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 15, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
The first part of the interview with Isaac Kgwete, chief of Maandagshoek, was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

An interview with ANC councillor Joseph Moime Madimabe by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 16, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
This interview with African National Congress (ANC) councillor Joseph Moime Madimabe was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

An interview with mineworkers Laurence Xhetsa and Simon Bongo by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: June 16, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
This interview with mineworkers Laurence Xhetsa and Simon Bongo was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

Part two of the interview with Chief Isaac Kgwete by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: July 15, 2007
Format: Sound/mp3
The second part of the interview with Chief Isaac Kgwete was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2007 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

Part one of the second interview with Emmanuel Mokgoga, community leader/activist and spokesperson of the Maandagshoek Development Committee, by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: February 24, 2008
Format: Sound/mp3
Part one of the second interview with Emmanuel Mokgoga, community leader/activist and spokesperson of the Maandagshoek Development Committee, was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2008 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

Part two of the second interview with Emmanuel Mokgoga, community leader/activist and spokesperson of the Maandagshoek Development Committee, by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: February 25, 2008
Format: Sound/mp3
Part two of the second interview with Emmanuel Mokgoga, community leader/activist and spokesperson of the Maandagshoek Development Committee, was conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2008 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

Second interview with Joyce Kgwete by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: February 25, 2008
Format: Sound/mp3
This is the second interview with Joyce Kgwete conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in Maandagshoek in 2008 as part of the South African History Archive's Alternative History Project, titled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'.

Emmanuel Makgoga, community leader/activist and spokesperson of the Maandagshoek Development Committee, during an oral history interview with Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: 2007
Format: Image-StillImage/jpeg

Emmanuel Makgoga, community leader/activist and spokesperson of the Maandagshoek Development Committee, during an oral history interview with Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

This is a still image of Emmanuel Makgoga, community leader/activist and spokesperson of the Maandagshoek Development Committee, during an oral history interview conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in 2007 for SAHA's Alternative History Project, entitled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'. The still image was derived from the DVD 'A Dream Deferred' which was produced in 2008 as part of this project.

Frans Thebene, a contract worker at the Modikwa mine in Maandagshoek, during an oral history interview with Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: 2007
Format: Image-StillImage/jpeg

Frans Thebene, a contract worker at the Modikwa mine in Maandagshoek, during an oral history interview with Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

This is a still image of Frans Thebene, a contract worker at the Modikwa mine in Maandagshoek, during an interview conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in 2007 as part of SAHA's Alternative History Project, entitled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'. The still image was derived from the DVD 'A Dream Deferred' which was produced in 2008 as part of this project.

Joyce Kgwete, considered by many as Bapedi chief in Maandagshoek, during an oral history interview with Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: 2007
Format: Image-StillImage/jpeg

Joyce Kgwete, considered by many as Bapedi chief in Maandagshoek, during an oral history interview with Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

This is a still image of Joyce Kgwete, Bapedi chief from Maandagshoek, during an oral history interview conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in 2007 for SAHA's Alternative History Project, entitled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'. The still image was derived from the DVD 'A Dream Deferred' which was produced in 2008 as part of this project.

Pinky Komane and Lucas Serage, both high-school matric students and community activists from Maandagshoek, during an oral history interview with Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

Date: 2007
Format: Image-StillImage/jpeg

Pinky Komane and Lucas Serage, both high-school matric students and community activists from Maandagshoek, during an oral history interview with Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava.

This still image shows Pinky Komane and Lucas Serage, both high-school matric students and community activists from Maandagshoek, during an oral history interview conducted by Dale McKinley and Ahmed Veriava in 2007 for SAHA's Alternative History Project, entitled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'. The still image was derived from the DVD 'A Dream Deferred' which was produced in 2008 as part of this project.

Sonias Vilakazi, chief of the Matimatsatsi community in Maandagshoek, and Dale McKinley engage in dialogue during an oral history interview for SAHA's Alternative History Project.

Date: 2007
Format: Image-StillImage/jpeg

Sonias Vilakazi, chief of the Matimatsatsi community in Maandagshoek, and Dale McKinley engage in dialogue during an oral history interview for SAHA's Alternative History Project.

This is a still image of Chief Sonias Vilakazi of the Matimatsatsi community in Maandagshoek and Dale McKinley engaged in dialogue during an oral history interview in 2007 for SAHA's Alternative History Project, entitled 'Forgotten Voices in the Present'. The still image was derived from the DVD 'A Dream Deferred' which was produced in 2008 as part of this project.