Malik Sy and the Senegalo-Mauritanian zone (circa 1880-1920)

Date: 2000
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This map shows the areas where El Haj Malik Sy travelled, taught, and spread the Tijaniyya Way between 1880 and 1920. He spent time in Saint Louis, Gandiole, and Ndiarnde before settling in Tivaouane in 1902. Located on the rail line to Saint Louis, Tivaouane was then the seat of the colonial administration for the Cayor region. It became the spiritual center for his followers and attracts thousands of pilgrims every year.

Saad Buh, the Fadiliyya Network and the Senegalo-Mauritanian Zone (circa 1880-1920)

Date: 2000
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This map shows the areas where the Fadiliyya Path had significant numbers of followers between 1880-1920. Saad Buh consolidated the network of his father Muhammad Fadil and established bases for the zawiya in Nimjat and Touizikht, Mauritania.

The Murids and the Senegalo-Mauritanian Zone, ca. 1880-1920

Date: 2000
This map shows the areas where Shaykh Amadu Bamba Mbacke attracted followers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Born in Mbacke-Baol, Amadu Bamba laid the foundation for a religious and economic community in eastern Baol in the 1880s. He established the village of Touba at a site where he says that the archangel Gabriel appeared to him. Perceived as a threat to French interests, he was arrested by the colonial government in 1895 and sent into exile in Gabon.  He was allowed to return to Senegal in 1902 but was arrested and deported again in 1903, this time to western Mauritania. Amadu Bamba's community of followers grew in his absence under the leadership of dedicated relatives and disciples. He received permission to settle in Cheyene (Jolof) in 1907 and then in Diourbel (Baol) in 1912. He was kept under house arrest in Diourbel until his death in 1927. Although Shaykh Bamba's repeated requests to move to nearby Touba were denied, he was buried in Touba. Touba became the spiritual capital of the Murids. Now one of the largest cities in Senegal, thousands of followers regularly come to pray in its vast mosque, constructed of imported marble, and the surrounding courtyard, tiled with travertine, and tens of thousands stream to Touba during the annual pilgrimage.

The Sidiyya Network and the Senegalo-Mauritanian zone (circa 1880-1920)

Date: 2000
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This map highlights the areas of Mauritania, Senegal, and Gambia where Shaykh Sidiyya Baba, grandson of Sidiyya al-Kabir, had networks of followers. The spiritual center of the Sidiyya Path is in Boutilimit, Mauritania.