African Oral Narratives
Military Intelligence in Apartheid-era South Africa

South African Defence Force

Together with the police, the regime deployed the South African Defence Force (SADF) to suppress opposition to apartheid. The South African Civil Cooperation Bureau (CCB) was a hit-squad that operated under the authority of the Defence Minister General Magnus Malan, whose task was the "infiltration and penetration of the enemy, the gathering of information and the disruption of the enemy." The Truth and Reconciliation Commission exposed numerous atrocities committed by the CCB against opponents of apartheid.

This interview with Chris Thirion, a former deputy chief of staff intelligence of the SADF, regarding the cause of events leading up to the dismissal of senior officers in the SADF by FW de Klerk in 1992, consists of an audio recording, transcript and English translation. This interview was conducted, transcribed and translated by De Wet Potgieter on behalf of SAHA in 2009.
This interview with General Herman Stadler, a former head of the SAP Security Branch Intelligence Unit, regarding the SADFs attack on the ANC bases in Botswana in 1985, consists of an audio recording, transcript and English translation. This interview was conducted, transcribed and translated by De Wet Potgieter on behalf of SAHA in 2009.
This interview with General Tienie Groenewald, a former chief director of Military Intelligence, regarding the establishment of the Volksfront (People's Front), consists of an audio recording, transcript and English translation. This interview was conducted, transcribed and translated by De Wet Potgieter on behalf of SAHA in 2009.
This interview with General Tienie Groenewald, a former chief director of Military Intelligence, regarding the threat of civil war at the beginning of 1994 before the country's first democratic elections, consists of an audio recording, transcript and English translation. This interview was conducted, transcribed and translated by De Wet Potgieter on behalf of SAHA in 2009.
This colour image of Constand Viljoen is one of a series taken by photographer Doug Lee of the night Viljoen went to the polls during the 1994 elections. Constand Viljoen was former chief of the South African Defence Force and leader of a grouping of right-wing organisations called the Afrikaner Volksfront (Afrikaner People's Front). In March 1994, an attempt to protect the government of Lucas Mangope in the bantustan of Bophuthatswana during a popular uprising was wrecked by the intervention of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB)despite being asked not to participate in the action because of their racist views. After this incident Viljoen left the Volksfront and registered the Freedom Front as a political party to represent conservative Afrikaner interests. It is believed that this decision by Constand Viljoen to finally take part in the 1994 elections prevented a violent uprising by Afrikaners.
This colour image of General Tienie Groenewald, former chief director of military intelligence, is one of a series of images taken by photograhper Doug Lee of a meeting between General Groenewald, Magnus Malan (former minister of defence), General Constand Viljoen (former chief of the SADF and leader of the Afrikaner Volksfront) and Colonel Jan Breytenbach on September 6, 1997.
This colour image of Generals Magnus Malan (former minister of defence) and Constand Viljoen (former chief of the SADF and leader of the Volksfront) shaking hands at a meeting, is one of a series of images taken by photographer Doug Lee at a meeting between the latter with General Tienie Groenewald and Colonel Jan Breytenbach on September 6, 1997.
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